Indice dei contenuti
TABELLA DI TUTTE LE SIGLE E GLI ACRONOMI UTILIZZATI IN ASTRONOMIA E NEI CATALOGHI ASTRONOMICI
Nel corso dei tempi si è assistito, nel campo della catalogazione degli oggetti celesti, ad una continua evoluzione.
Da un lato la sempre migliorata tecnologia ha consentito maggiori precisioni e dall’altra le conoscenze acquisite hanno imposto più attente attribuzioni di classi e categorie d’appartenenza per gli oggetti sotto osservazione.
Si è pertanto passati dalla compilazione di cataloghi misti o comunque generici alla elencazione di specifiche o determinate categorie di oggetti.
Parallelamente vi è stato un sensibile guadagno in termini astrometrici, fondamentale per l’identificazione e lo studio di sorgenti sempre più deboli quali sono quelle di cui vanno a caccia i moderni astronomi.
STORIA DEGLI ACRONOMI E DELLE SIGLE IN ASTRONOMIA
Così, tra i tanti, si è passati dalle grossolane coordinate del Catalogo di galassie di REIZ (anno 1941 – precisione media di 1′) a quelle estremamente precise (0″.1) dell’ SDSS. D’altra parte il progredire tecnologico porta inevitabilmente ad accumulare scoperte in numero sempre maggiore per cui la precisione di identificazione si impone da sé.
La disponibilità di un numero sempre maggiore di cataloghi porta, come ovvia conseguenza, al ricorso alle abbreviazioni e comunque agli acronimi onde evitare inutili prolissità nella stesura di lavori scientifici o di semplici articoli.
Già qualche tempo fa, tra le righe di questa rubrica, avevamo accennato al fatto che gli astronomi, gli astrofili ed i semplici divulgatori ricorrono con sempre maggiore frequenza agli acronimi per designare uno specifico oggetto celeste che figuri in qualche catalogo o rassegna.
Sigle come NGC, IC, PKS, UGC, 3C si ritrovano quasi dappertutto nelle pubblicazioni a carattere astronomico ed i loro significati sono ben noti; altre, come HCG, KUV, MKW o POX lo sono molto meno in termini di notorietà e quelle tipo PHG, PBOZ, CSST o CADIS richiedono un’immediata spiegazione allorquando vengono citate o trascritte.
Ebbene, l’andare a ricercare i significati degli acronimi o delle abbreviazioni può essere un modo simpatico ed altrettanto piacevole per accostarsi all’Astronomia, scoprirne alcuni aspetti meno noti, rendersi conto delle tipologie delle strumentazioni utilizzate, cogliere -seppure non necessariamente in modo approfondito- le ragioni che hanno portato ad avviare quella determinata ricerca con quel particolare metodo ed utilizzando quello specifico strumento.
Facciamo qualche esempio.
La citata sigla SDSS (che sta per Sloan Digital Sky Survey), ci porta a scoprire che si tratta di una rassegna effettuata nel campo ottico tramite l’utilizzazione di vari filtri la cui massima trasmissibilità è centrata in ben definite regioni dello spettro, dal blu al rosso. Veniamo anche a sapere che la survey è effettuata con un apposito riflettore da 2.5m posizionato sull’Apache Point Observatory, Arizona, ed al cui fuoco sono montate ben 30 camere CCD da 2048×2048 pixels ciascuna e che i campi osservati contemporaneamente sono 6, ciascuno attraverso un singolo filtro. L’osservazione simultanea dello stesso campo con differenti filtri risulta poi utilissima per definire con maggiore rapidità l’appartenenza di un oggetto celeste a questa o quella famiglia, favorendo così nuove scoperte. E infatti la SDSS ci sta regalando un’abbondante messe di risultati con importanti scoperte nel campo dei quasars e delle nane brune, due dei settori di frontiera nella moderna Astronomia.
Per contro, una sigla come KHAV ci porta indietro nel tempo allorquando, mezzo secolo fa, l’astronomo sovietico Khavtassi si mise pazientemente a scandagliare, con un lentino manuale, le lastre della Palomar Sky Survey, ricavandone un corposo catalogo sull’identificazione, la distribuzione e le dimensioni delle nubi oscure che popolano la nostra Galassia.
Se andiamo ancora più in là nel passato, la sigla BIGO ci conduce al 1912, quando l’astronomo G. Bigourdan pubblicò, nella rivista francese “Comptes rendus”, una lista di oggetti dall’aspetto nebulare, oggetti che in seguito sarebbero stati principalmente riconosciuti e classificati come galassie.
E così, al fine di soddisfare le nostre personali curiosità, ma anche quelle di qualche altro astrofilo con analoghe manie, abbiamo pensato di raccogliere in un’apposita lista tutti gli “ACRONIMI” di cui veniamo a conoscenza, che siano riferiti ad oggetti astronomici posti al di fuori del Sistema solare e la cui natura non sia quella di semplice stella singola, binaria o multipla che sia (per le stelle stiamo preparando un’analoga lista).
I nostri oggetti sono pertanto ammassi di stelle o galassie, nebulose brillanti, oscure, planetarie, galassie, quasars, sorgenti radio, infrarosse, ultraviolette, x e gamma, residui di supernovae, oggetti Herbig-Haro, regioni HII e così via.
COME LEGGERE LA TABELLA DEGLI ACRONOMI E DELLE SIGLE IN ASTRONOMIA
Molto semplicemente, la lista è composta da cinque colonne così individuate:
– colonna 1: acronimo maggiormente usato per identificare il catalogo o la rassegna di provenienza;
– colonna 2: denominazione estesa;
– colonna 3: banda spettrale in cui la rassegna o il catalogo sono stati ottenuti;
– colonna 4: tipologie di oggetti ricercati;
– colonna 5: riferimenti bibliografici originari (laddove possibile) o comunque legati all’origine delle denominazioni.
E così, per le sorgenti GGD veniamo a sapere che si tratta di oggetti tipo Herbig-Haro, osservati visualmente ed elencati dagli astronomi sovietici Gyulbudaghian, Gluskov e Denisyuk nel Volume 224 dell’Astrophysical Journal Letters (L137) pubblicato nel 1978.
Analogamente, la sigla JVAS ci dice che si tratta di una survey astrometrica condotta nel dominio radio con il radiotelescopio di Jodrell Bank e pubblicata nelle Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 254, pag. 655 del 1992.
In appendice al listato sono infine riportate le abbreviazioni internazionali maggiormente usate per indicare le più note pubblicazioni periodiche a carattere astronomico.
La tabella che segue, si riferisce agli acronimi maggiormente utilizzati in Astronomia per individuare svariate tipologie di oggetti che non siano singole stelle e che appartengano a determinati cataloghi o rassegne in vari dominii spettrali.
ACRONYMS | FULL DENOMINATIONS | BAND | OBJECT TYPE | REFERENCES |
000 V 000 | VLA source | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 102, 1258 -1991- |
1 Jy | 1 Jansky | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&AS 45, 367 -1981, A&AS 105, 211 -19 |
19W… | Wouterloot | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 36, 323 -1979- and segg. |
1E | First Einstein Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | ApJ 234, L1 -1979- |
1ES | Einstein IPC Slew survey | X | Extragalactics | ApJS 80, 257-1992- |
1H | A-1 X-Ray Source Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 56, 507 -1984- ApJS 72, 471 – |
1RXS | ROSAT X-ray Source (Bright Source Catalogue) | X | Miscellaneous | IUA Circ. 6420 -1996- and segg. |
1SAX | 1 Small Astronomical X-ray satellite | X | Miscellaneous | |
2A | Second Ariel 5 Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 182, 489 -1978-, ADC CD-ROM Vol. 1, ApJS 72, 471 -1990- |
2C | Second Cambridge Radio Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | MRAS 67, 106 -1955- |
2CG | COS-B Gamma | Gamma | Miscellaneous | ApJ 243, L69 -1981- |
2E | Second Einstein Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | Harris, D.E. et al. -1990, The Einstein Observatory Catalog of IPC X-ray Sources – S.A.O.; McDowell J. S.A.O. CD-Rom Ser. I, 18-36, -1994- |
2EG | Second EGRET Catalogue | Gamma | Miscellaneous | ApJS 101, 259 -1995-; ApJS 107, 227 -1997-; AAS CD-ROM Volls. 6+9 |
2EGS | Second EGRET Catalogue Supplement | Gamma | Miscellaneous | ApJS 107, 227 -1996- |
2EU | Second EUVE Catalogue | UV | Miscellaneous | ApJS 102, 129 -1996- |
2H | A-1 Intermediate Sensitivity Survey | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 61, 353 -1986- |
2RE | ROSAT second all-sky survey | X | Extragalactics | MNRAS 274, 1165 -1995- |
2S | ||||
2U | Second Uhuru X-Ray Source Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | |
3A | Third Ariel 5 Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 197, 893 -1981-, ADC CD-ROM Vol. 1 |
3C | Third Cambridge Radio Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | MRAS 68, 37 -1959- and segg. |
3U | Third Uhuru X-Ray Source Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | |
4C | Fourth Cambridge Radio Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | MRAS 69, 183 -1965- and segg.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 3 |
4U | Fourth Uhuru X-Ray Sources Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 38, 357 -1978-, ADC CD-ROM Vol. 1 |
53W, 55W | Westerbork survey SA 53 and 55 | Rd | Objects in SA 53 e 55 | Ph. D. Thesis Leiden 1984 and segg. |
5C | Fifth Cambridge Radio Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 134, 189 -1966- and segg. |
6C | Sixth Cambridge Radio Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | Baldwin et al. 1985; Hales et al. 1988/93; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 2 |
7C | Seventh Cambridge Radio Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 246, 110 -1990-; A&AS 110, 419 -1995- |
87GB | 1987 Green Bank Radio Sources Catalogue | Rd | Extragalactics | NRAO CD-ROM |
8C | Eighth Cambridge Radio Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | Hales et. Al. 1995; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 2 |
8ZW | Eight Zwicky List of Compact Galaxies | V | Compact galaxies | AJ 80, 545 -1975- |
A | Abell clusters | V | Clusters of galaxies | ApJS 3, 211 -1958-; ApJS -1989-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
A1 | Asiago list 1 | V | Blue objects | Pubbl. Oss. Astr. Padova 143 -1968- |
A2 | Asiago list 2 | V | Blue objects | Astrophys. And Space Sci. 16, 324 -1972- |
A3 | Asiago list 3 | V | Blue objects | A&AS 13, 269 -1974- |
A4 | Asiago list 4 | V | Blue objects | A&AS 61, 163 -1985- |
AB | A. Braccesi | V | Quasars | A&A 5, 264 -1970- and segg. |
ABELL | Planetary Nebulae | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 144, 259 -1966- |
ACK | Acker | V | Planetary Nebulae | Private comm. -1975- |
ACO | Abell, Corwin and Ollowin | V | Clusters of galaxies | ApJS |
ADG | Altenhoff, Downes and Goad | Rd | Galactic plane objects | A&AS 1, -1970- |
AFGL | Air Force Geophysical Laboratory | IR | Miscellaneous | AFGL Tech. Rep. 83, 0161 -1983-, Ed. Price S.D. and Murdock, T.L.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 1 |
AGC | Arecibo General Catalogue | Rd | Galaxies | AJ 87, 1668 -1999- |
AGU (AG) | Aguero | V | Peculiar southern galaxies | PASP 83, 310 -1971- |
AH | Aveni and Hunter | V | Open clusters | |
AH (H) | A. Hoag | V | Quasars | IAU Symp. 119, 47 -1986- |
AJG | A.J. Green | Rd | Galactic plane objects | A&AS 18, 267 -1974- |
AKN | Arakelian | V | Galaxies | Soobs. Byurak.Obs. Akad. Nauk. Aum. SSR, 47, 1; AJ 86, 820 -1981- |
Al | Allen | V | Planetary Nebulae | Observatory 93, 85 -1973- and segg. |
ALM | A. Lemarne | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 139, 461 -1968 |
Alt | Alter | V | Open clusters | MNRAS 100, 387 -1940- and segg. |
ALW | Azzopardi, Lequeux and Westerlund | V | Quasars | A&A 144, 388 -1985- |
AM | Arp and Madore | V | Miscellaneous | ApJ 227, L103 -1979- |
AMES | Ames | V | Nebulae and Galaxies | Harv. Ann. 88, 1 -1932- |
AMWW | Altenhoff, Mezger, Wendker and Westerhout | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Publ. Univ. Bonn Obs. 59, 1960 |
An | Anonymous | V | Galaxies | RC2 -1976- |
AND | van den Bergh | V | Satellite Galaxies of M 31 | ApJ 171, 231 -1972- |
ANT | Antalova | V | Open clusters | |
AO | Arecibo Occultation | Rd | Miscellaneous | ApJ 148, 669 -1967- e segg |
Ap | Apriamasvili | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astron. Zurn. 39, 256 -1962- and segg. |
APM | Cambridge Automated Plate Measuring Machine Catalogue | V | Quasars | Spectrum 2, 14 -1994- |
AR | Astronomer Royal | V | Nebulae and Galaxies | MNRAS 71, 509 -1910- |
ARC | Abell Rich Clusters | V | Clusters of galaxies | ApJS 3, 211 -1958- |
ARG | A.R. Gillespie | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 166, 11p -1974- |
ARO | Algonquin Radio Observatory | Rd | Planetary Nebulae | Publ. Domin. Obs. Vol. 1, 1 -1971- |
ARP | Arp | V | Peculiar Galaxies | ApJS 14, 1 -1966- |
AS | Additional Stars with h-alfa | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 112, 72 -1950- |
Asi | Asiago | V | Quasars | Mem. S.A.It. 53, 511 -1982- |
ASI | Asiago objects | V | Blue objects | A&AS 106, 303 -1994- |
ASS | Associations -Catalogue of star clusters and- | V | Star clusters | Akad. Kiado Budapest -1970- |
ASV | Angonin-Willaime, Soucail and Vanderriest | V | Quasars | A&A 291, 411 -1994- |
ATESP | Australia Telescope ESO Slice Project | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&AS 146, 31 -2000- |
Au | Auner | V | Open clusters | |
AWM | Albert, White and Morgan | V | Poor clusters of Galaxies | ApJ 211, 309 -1977- |
AX | ASCA X-ray sources | V | Quasars | MNRAS 291, 203 -1997- |
B | Barnard | V | Dark Nebulae | Carnegie Inst. Wash. 247 -1927- |
B | Braccesi | V | Extragalactics | ApJ 152, L105 -1968-, A&AS 106, 303 -1994- |
B1 | Braccesi | Rd | Extragalactics | Nuovo Cimento 40, 267 -1965- |
B1S | Braccesi | Rd | Extragalactics | Nuovo Cimento 40, 268 -1965- |
B2.1 | Second Bologna radio survey -part 1 | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 1, 281 -1970- |
B2.2 | Second Bologna radio survey -part 2 | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 7, 1 -1972- |
B2.3 | Second Bologna radio survey -part 3 | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 11, 291 -1973- |
B2.4 | Second Bologna radio survey -part 4 | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 18, 147 -1974- |
B3 | Third Bologna radio survey | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 59, 255 -1985- |
Ba | Baade | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 47, 99 -1935- |
BAA | Baade | V | Emission Nebulae in M 31 | ApJ 139, 1027 -1964- |
BAK 1-2 | Baker | V | Galaxies in FOR and ERI | Harv. Ann. 88, 77 e 163 -1933/37- |
Bark | Barkhatova | V | Open clusters | Astron. Zurn. 27, 181 -1950- |
Basel | Basel | V | Open clusters | |
BB | Bahcall and Bahcall | V | Galaxies | PASP 82, 1276 -1970- |
BC | Barbieri and Capaccioli | V | Quasars | Pubbl. Oss. Astr. Padova -1974- |
BCh | Balkowski and Chamaraux | V | Dwarf Galaxies | A&AS 51, 331 -1983- |
BCL | Boulesteix, Courtes et al. | V | Objects in M 33 | A&A 37, 33 -1974- |
BD A/B | Blum and Davis Lists A and B | Rd | Extragalactics | Astrophys. Lett. 2, 41 -1968- |
BDFL | Bridle, Davis, Fomalont and Lequeux | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 77, 405 -1972- and segg. |
Be | Bergvall | V | Interacting Galaxies | Upps. Astr. Obs. Rep. 19 -1981- |
Be | Bernes | V | Bright Nebulae | A&AS 29, 65 -1977- |
BEM | Bertola e Maffei | Rd | Galaxies | A&A 32, 87 -1974- |
BEN | Bennett | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 127, -1963- |
BERK | Berkeley | V | Open clusters | |
BF | Braccesi Faint uv-excess objects | UV | Extragalactics | A&AS 39, 129-1980 |
BFG | Braccesi, Formiggini and Gandolfi | UV | Extragalactics | A&A 5, 264 -1970- and segg. |
BFGS | Braccesi, Formiggini and Gioia | UV | Galaxies | PASP 84, 592 -1972- |
BFL | Borngen, Friedrich and Lenk | V | Blue objects near M 31 | Mitt. Karl Schw. Obs. Taut. 50, 1970- |
BFS | Blitz, Fich and Stark | Rd | HII Regions | ApJS 49, 183 -1982- |
BG | Bologna Galaxies | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 16, 43 -1974- |
BG (BG KPN, BG CFH) | B. Gaston | V | Quasars | ApJ 272, 411 -1983- |
BIGO | Bigourdan | V | Nebulae and Galaxies | Comptes rendus 155, 1049 -1912- |
Biur | Biurakan | V | Open clusters | |
BK | Biurakan | V | Dwarf Galaxies | |
BK | Beard and Kerr | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. 22,121 -1969- |
Bl | Blanco | V | Planetary Nebulae | Contr. Bosscha Obs. 13 -1961- and segg. |
Blanco | Blanco | V | Open clusters | PASP 61, 183 -1949- |
BlDz | Blaauw and Danziger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 44, 469 -1975- |
BM | B. Manchester | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 12 -1969- |
BoBn | Boeshaar and Bond | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 213, 421 -1977- |
Boch | Bochum | V | Open clusters | Boch. Strasb. Cat. 1977 |
BOL | Boller | Rd | Quasars | Astron. Nach. 310, 187 -1989- |
BON | Bond | V | Variable Galaxies | ApJ 174, L163 -1972- and segg. |
BOR | Borngen | V | Blue objects | Mitt. Karl Schw. Obs. Taut. 28, 1966- |
BP | Bailey-Pooley Survey | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 138, 51 -1968- |
BR | Blue Red | V | Quasars | ApJ 468, 121 -1996- |
BRI | Blue Red and Infrared | V-IR | Quasars | ApJ 468, 121 -1996- |
BRON | Bronkalla | V | Blue objects | Astr. Nach. 292, 263 -1971- |
BSO | Blue Stellar Object | V | Quasars | ApJ 142, 412 -1965- |
BTD | Beard, Thomas and Day | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 11 -1969- |
BTS | V | Dwarf Galaxies | ||
BV | Bohm-Vitense | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 68, 430 -1956- |
BVF (BF) | Braccesi, Vigotti and Formiggini | V | Quasars | (A&AS 39, 129 -1980-) |
BW | Bohuski and Weedman | V | Quasars | ApJ 231, 653 -1979- |
BW | Berkhuijsen and Wielebinski | Rd | M 31 objects | A&A 34, 173 -1974- |
CADIS | Calar Alto Deep Imaging Survey | V | Quasars | ApJ 523, 100 -1999- (A&A 343, 399 -1999-; Meisenheimer et al.: The Early Universe with the VLT – Springer 165, -1997-) |
CAR | Carpenter | V | Galaxies in CNC | PASP 43, 247 -1931- |
CB | Corona Borealis | V | Quasars | ApJS 111, 1 -1997- |
CB | Clemens and Barvainis | V | Small Dark Nebulae | ApJS 68, 257 -1988- |
CBS | Case Blue Stars | UV | Stars and quasars | ApJS 51, 171 -1983- and segg. |
CC | Clark and Clifford | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. 27, 713 -1974- |
CED | Cederblad | V | Diffuse Nebulae | Lund Ann. Ser. 2, n. 119 -1946- |
CF | Control Field (at position 1549+48) | V | Quasars | A&A 109, 101 -1982- |
CFHT | Canada France Hawaii Telescope objects | V | Extragalactics | (MNRAS 278, 95 -1996-) |
CFRS | Canada-France Redshift Survey | V | Galaxies | ApJ 455, 75 -1995- |
CG | Cometary Globules | V | Dark Nebulae | MNRAS 175, 19P -1976- and segg. |
CG | Case Galaxies | UV | Galaxies | ApJS 51, 171 -1983- and segg. |
CGCG (ZWG) | Catalogue of Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies | V | Galaxies and Clusters | Cal. Tech. Press. -1961- and segg. Volls. 1-6; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
CGMW | Catalogue of Galaxies behind the Milky Way | IR | Galaxies | Kyoto University Contributions, -1991- and segg. |
CHR | Christie | V | Galaxies in LEO | PASP 43, 350 -1931- |
CiPg | Caloi and Panagia | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 36, 139 -1974- |
CJ1 | First Caltech-Jodrell Bank VLBI Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | ApJS 98, 1 -1995-; AAS CD-ROM Volls. 4-5 |
CJ2 | Second Caltech-Jodrell Bank VLBI Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | ApJS 95, 345 -1994-; AAS CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
CJF | Caltech-Jodrell Bank Flat spectrum sources | Rd | Extragalactics | ApJS 107, 37 -1996- |
Cl | Cluster of galaxies | V | Clusters of galaxies | ApJ 263, 533 -1982- and segg. |
CL | Clark Lake | Rd | Miscellaneous | AJ 80, 931 -1975- |
CL | Cygnus Loop | Rd | Objects in CYG | A&A 28, 197 -1973- |
CL | Cygnus Loop | V | Blue objects | |
CLASS | Corsmic Lens All-Sky Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | (AJ 87, 658 -1999-) |
CM | Cheriguene and Monnet | V | Objects in LMC | A&A 16, 28 -1972- |
Cn | Cannon | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Circ. 224 -1921- and segg. |
CnMy | Cannon and Mayall | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Bull. 908, 20 -1938- |
CNOC | Canadian Network for Observational Cosmology | V | Clusters of galaxies | ApJS 102, 269 -1996- |
CoMaC | Coyne and Mac Connell | V | Planetary Nebulae | Vatican Obs. Publ. Vol. 2, n. 6, 73 -1983- |
COU | Courtes | V | Nebulae | Comptes rendus 232, 795 -1951- |
CPG | Catalogue of Pair of Galaxies | V | Double Galaxies | Soob. Spetz. Astrofiz. Obs. 7, 3 -1972- and segg. |
Cr | Collinder | V | Open clusters | Lund Obs. Ann. N. 2 -1931- |
CR | Crowther | Rd | Extragalactics | Crowther, J.H. Ph. D. Dissertation 1966 -Cambridge |
CR | Chincarini and Rood | V | Galaxies in PER | ApJ 168, 321 -1971- |
CRBB | McCarthy, Rich, Becker and Butler | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ -1992- |
CRSS | Cambridge ROSAT Serendipity Survey | Rd-X | Quasars | MNRAS 285, 511 -1997- |
CS | Courtes and Sivan | V | HII Regions | Astrophys. Lett. 11, 159 -1972- |
CS | Clowes and Savage | V | Quasars | MNRAS 204, 365 -1983- |
CSO | Case Stellar Objects | UV | Stars and quasars | ApJS 51, 171 -1983- and segg. |
CSRG | V | Galaxies in clusters | (ApJS 96, 39 -1995-) | |
CSST | Cappellaro, Sabbadin, Salvadori and Turatto | V | Planetary Nebulae | The Mess. 64, 39 -1991- |
CT | Campusano and Torres | UV | Quasars | AJ 88, 1304 -1983- |
CTA | Caltech list A | Rd | Miscellaneous | PASP 72, 237 -1960- |
CTB | Caltech list B | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Caltech Radio Obs. Rep. 2, 1960/63-; PASP 72, 331 -1960- |
CTCV | Calan-Tololo Cataclysmic Variables | V | Variable stars | (A&A 350, 379 -1999-) |
CTD | Caltech list D | Rd | Miscellaneous | Publ. Owens Valley Radio Obs. 1, n. 2, 1 -1965- |
CTIO | Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJS 32, 217 -1976- |
CTQ | Calan-Tololo Quasar | V | Quasars | Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrofis.31, 119 -1995- |
CTS | Cappellaro, Turatto and Sabbadin | V | Planetary Nebulae | Proc. IAU Symp. 131, 61 -1987- |
CTS | Calan-Tololo Survey | V | Extragalactics | ApJS 69, 353 -1989-; A&AS 89, 389 -1991- and segg. |
CTSS | Cappellaro, Turatto, Salvadori and Sabbadin | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 86, 503 -1990- |
CUDSS | Canada-UK Deep Submillimeter Survey | Rd | Galaxies | AJ 120, 2244 -2000- |
CUL | Culgoora | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 27 -1973- and segg. |
Cz | Czernik | V | Open clusters | Acta Astron. 16, 93 -1966- |
D 000-00 | Dwarf | V | Dwarf Galaxies | AJ 103, 1107 -1992- |
Da | Danks | IR | Open clusters | -1982 |
DA | Dominion Radio Observatory Survey, List A | Rd | Miscellaneous | AJ 73, 135 -1968- |
DB | Dominion Radio Observatory Survey, List B | Rd | Miscellaneous | AJ 73, 8 and 717 -1968- |
DC | Dressler Cluster | V | Clusters of galaxies | ApJS 42, 565 -1980- |
DCC | Day, Caswell and Cooke | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 25, -1972- |
DCL | Dickens, Currie and Lucey | V | Galaxies in CEN | MNRAS 220, 679 -1986- |
Dd (Do) | Dolidze | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astron. Tsirk. 629, 6 -1971- |
DDHW | Danziger, Dopita, Hawarden and Webster | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 220, 458 -1978- |
DDO | David Dunlap Observatory | V | Dwarf Galaxies | Publ. D.D.O. 5, 147 -1959-; AJ 71, 992 -1966- |
DeHt | Dengel and Hartl | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 85, 356 -1980- |
DEM | Davies, Elliott and Meaburn | V | H-alfa objects in LMC | MRAS 81, 89 -1976- |
DF | Deep Field | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 93, 805 -1987- |
DG | Dorschner and Gurtler | Rd | Reflection Nebulae | Astr. Nach. 287, 257 -1964- |
DGVW | Davis, Gelato-Volders and Westerhout | Rd | Miscellaneous | Bull. Astr: Inst. Nether. 18, 42 -1965- |
DH | Daves and Hazard | Rd | Galactic plane objects | MNRAS 124, 147 -1962- |
DHM | Durham sources | V | Quasars | Nat. 303, 156 -1983- |
DHW | Dengel, Hartl and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | Mitt. Astron. Gesell. 45, 182 -1979- and segg. |
DKM | D.K. Milne | Rd | Supernovae remnants | Austr. J. Phys. 24, -1971- |
DM | Downes and Maxwell | Rd | Galactic center objects | ApJ 146, -1966- |
DMS | Deep Multicolor Survey | UBVRI | Miscellaneous | (ApJ 462, 614 -1996-); ApJS 104, 185 -1996- |
DN | Duus and Newall | V | Groups of Galaxies | ApJS 35, 209 -1977- |
Do | Dolidze | V | Open clusters | Astron. Miches. Cirk. 224, 18 -1961- |
DoDz (DdDm) | Dolidze and Dzhimsheleisvili | V | Open clusters and Planetary Nebulae | Astron. Miches. Cirk. 385, 7 -1966- |
DR | Downes and Rinehart | Rd | Objects in CYG | ApJ 144, 937 -1966- |
DRAO | Dominion Radio Astronomical Observatory | Rd | Miscellaneous | NNRAS 274, 324 -1995- |
DS | Deep Survey (Einstein Observatory) | X | Quasars | ApJ 374, 440 -1991- |
DS 1 | D. Kilkenny and Spencer | V | Planetary Nebulae | Observatory 108, 1084 -1988- |
DS 2 | Drilling J.S. | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 270, L13 -1983- |
DSS | Digitized Sky Survey | V | Galaxies | 1992, Digitized Optical Sky Survey – Kluwer |
DTG | Day, Thomas and Goss | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 11 -1969- |
DUN | Duncan | V | Nebulae | ApJ 57, 137 -1923- |
DuRe | Duerbeck and Reipurth | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 231, L11 -1990- |
DV.55 | de Vaucouleurs | V | Emission Nebulae near South Pole | Observatory 75, 129 -1955- |
DV.56 | de Vaucouleurs | V | Bright southern Galaxies | Mem. Of the Commonwealth Obs. Vol. 3, n. 3 -1956- |
DVDV | de Vaucouleurs and de Vaucouleurs | V | Bright southern Galaxies | MRAS 68, 69 -1961- and segg. |
DW | Dwingeloo-Green Bank | Rd | Miscellaneous | Bull. Astr. Inst. Netherl. 19, 201 -1967- |
DWB | Dickel, Wendker and Bieritz | V | HII Regions in CYG-X | A&A 1, 270 -1969- |
DWC | Day, Warne and Cooke | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Suppl. 13, -1970- |
E | Einstein | X | Miscellaneous | ApJ 234, L1 -1979- |
EGB | Ellis, Grayson and Bond | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 96, 283 -1984- |
ELAIS (Na, Nb, S) | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 302, 222 -1999-; MNRAS 305, 297 -1999- | |
EM (Em) | Emission | V | Emission line objects in SA 158 | PASP 73, 264 -1961- |
EMSS (MS) | Extended Medium Sensitivity Survey | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 72, 567 -1990-; Stocke et al. 1991, Astrophys. Lett. & Comm. 29, 267 -1994-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 2 |
EQS | Edinburgh Quasar Survey | V | Quasars | (ApJ 511, 612 -1999-) |
ESO | ESO-UPPSALA Survey of the ESO Atlas | V | Miscellaneous | A&AS 18, 463 -1974-; A&AS 31, 15 -1978- and segg.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 3 |
EUVE | Extreme UltraViolet Explorer | X | Miscellaneous | AJ 107, 751 -1993-; AAS CD-ROM Volls. 2-3 |
EXMS | EXOSAT Medium energy Slew survey | X | Miscellaneous | A&AS 134, 287 -1999- |
EXO (EX) | Exosat | X | Miscellaneous | (ApJ 378, 77 -1991-) |
F | Faint source | UBV | Quasars | ApJS 76, 23 -1991- and segg. |
F 000-00 | Faint | V | Faint Galaxies | AJ 103, 1107 -1992- |
F855, 61, 64 | Faint quasar | UBV | Quasars | MNRAS 251, 482 -1991- |
FAIR (FAI) | Fairall | V | Galaxies | Mon. Not. Astr. Soc. S. Afr. 27, 67 -1968- and segg. |
FAQS | FIRST-APM Quasar Survey | Quasars | Chavushyan et al.: astro-ph/9911284 -2000- | |
FATH | Fath | V | Nebulae and Galaxies | AJ 28, 75 -1914- |
FBQS | FIRST Bright Quasar Survey | Rd | Quasars | AJ 112, 407 -1997- |
FBS | First Byurakan Survey | V | Extragalactics | ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
FCC | Fornax Cluster Catalogue | V | Galaxies in FOR | AJ 98, 367 -1989- |
Fein | Feinstein | V | Open clusters | PASP 78, 301 -1966- and segg. |
FG | Faint Galaxy | V | Dwarf Galaxies | |
Fg | Fleming | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Circ. 158 -1910- and segg. |
FIRST | Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty | Rd | Miscellaneous | ApJ 450, 559 -1995-; ApJ 475, 479 -1997- |
FIT.G | Fitzgerald | V | Galaxies in PUP | A&A 31, 467 -1974- |
FJ | Finlay and Jones | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. 26, 389 -1973- |
Fro | Frolov | V | Open clusters | Izv. Glav. Astron. Obs, Pulkovo 195 -1977- |
FRO | Fleurs Radio Observatory | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. 26, 389 -1973- |
FS | Faint Source | V | Dwarf Galaxies | |
FV | Freeman and de Vaucouleurs | V | Ring Galaxies | ApJ 194, 569 -1974- |
G1 | Gyulbudaghian | V | Candidate Herbig-Haro objects | Sov. Astron. Lett. 8, 123 -1982- |
G2 | Gyulbudaghian | V | Candidate Herbig-Haro objects | Astrofizika 20, 631 -1984- |
GB | Green Bank | Rd | Extragalactics | Acta Astron. 22, 227 -1972- |
GB2 | Green Bank Second Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | Acta Astron. 28, 367 -1978- |
GB6 | Green Bank Sixth Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | AAS CD-ROM Vol. 6; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
GC | NRAO 5 GHz Radio Survey (Green Bank list C) | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 76, 980 -1971- and segg. |
GCL | Globular Cluster | V | Star clusters | Akad. Kiado Budapest -1970- |
GD | Goss and Day | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 13, -1970- |
GEA | Georgelin | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 6, 349 -1970- and segg. |
GF | Globular Filament | V-IR | Filamentary Dark Nebulae | ApJS 41, 87 -1979- |
GGD | Gyulbudaghian, Gluskov and Denisyuk | V | Herbig-Haro objects | ApJ 224, L137 -1978- |
GJJC | Gillett, Jacoby, Joyce and Cohen | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 338, 862 -1989- |
GLMP | Garcia-Lario, Manchado, Pych and Pottasch | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A -1996- |
GM | Gasparian | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astrofizika 28, 679 -1988- |
GM | Gyulbudaghian and Magakyan | V | Nebulae cometarie | Sov. Astron. Lett. 3, 58 -1977- |
GM | Gardner and Morimoto | Rd | HII Regions australi | Austr. J. Phys. 21, 881 -1968- |
GMP | Godwin, Metcalfe and Peach | V | Galaxies in Coma cluster | MNRAS 202, 113 -1983- |
GN | G. Nicolson | Rd | Galactic plane objects | PASP 77, 260 -1965- |
GN (NeVeGN) | Galactic Nebulae | V | Nebulae | Neckel and Vehrenberg, Treugesell Verlag 1985 |
Gr | Graff | V | Open clusters | |
GR | G. Reaves | V | Dwarf Galaxies in VIR | AJ 61, 69 -1956- |
Gra | Graham | V | Open clusters | AJ 75, 703 -1970- |
Grasd | Grasdalen | V | Open clusters | A&A 43, 259 -1975- |
GS | Goss and Shaver | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 14, 1 -1970- |
Gum | Gum | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 338, 155 -1955- |
GV | Grueff and Vigotti | Rd | Miscellaneous | Astrophys. Lett. 2, 113 -1968- |
H | Haro | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 63, 144 -1951- and segg. |
H | Herschel | V | Globular clusters | |
H | Hoglund | Rd | Miscellaneous | ApJS 15, 61 -1967- |
H | A-2 Hard x-ray, A-2 Piccinotti sample, A-2 soft x-ray, A-4 catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 40, 657 -1979-, ApJ 253, 485 -1982-, ApJS 51, 1 -1983-, ApJS 54, 581 -1984-, ApJS 72, 471 |
H80 | Hintzen 1980 | V | Galaxies in clusters | AJ 85, 626 -1980- |
Ha | Harvard | V | Open clusters | |
HA | H. Arp | Rd | Extragalactics | ApJ 174, L 111 -1972- |
Haffner | Haffner | V | Open clusters | Astrophysik 43, 89 -1957- |
Haro | Haro | V | Objects peculiari in ORI | ApJ 87, 73 -1953- |
HARO | Haro | V | Emission line Galaxies | Bol. Obs. Ton. Y Tacub. Vol. 2, n. 14, 8 -1956- |
HaTr (HtTr) | Hartl and Tritton | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 145, 41 -1985- |
HAW | Harrington and Wilson | V | Galaxies in LEO | PASP 62, 118 -1950- |
HAWAI | Hawaii survey | Quasars | ApJ 432, L83 -1994- | |
HaWe | Hartl and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 69, 519 -1987- |
Hb | Hubble | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 33, 174 -1921- |
HB | Hazard and Brown | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 13, 123 -19 – |
HBDS | Heber and Drilling | V | Planetary Nebulae | Mitt. Astron. Gesell. 62, 252 -1984- |
HBMR | Higgs, Broten, Medd and Raghavarao | Rd | Objects in CYG | MNRAS ,367, -1964- |
HC | Holden and Caswell | Rd | Galactic plane objects | MNRAS 143, 407 -1969- |
HDW (HtDe) | Hartl, Dengel and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | Mitt. Astron. Gesell. 60, 325 -1983- |
HE | Hamburg / ESO survey for bright quasars | Quasars | A&AS 115, 235 -1996- | |
HeFa (HEFE) | Henize and Fairall | V | Planetary Nebulae | IAU Symp. 103, 544 -1983- |
HELW | Helwan | V | Nebulae e Galaxies | Helwan Obs.9, 69 -1909- and segg. |
Hen (He3) | Henize | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 73, 159 -1961- and segg. |
Hf | Hoffleit | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Ann. 119, 37 -1953- |
HFG | Heckathorn, Fesen and Gull | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 114, 414 -1982- |
HGT | Hoessel, Gunn and Thuan | V | Clusters of galaxies | ApJ 241, 486 -1980- |
HH | Herbig and Haro | V | Herbig-Haro objects | Lick Obs. Bull. 658 -1974-; Gen. Cat. Reipurth 1994 |
HHL | Herbig Haro Like | V | Herbig-Haro like objects | Rev. Mex. A.A. 15, 53 -1987- |
HICK | Hickson | V | Compact groups of Galaxies | ApJ 255, 382 -1982- |
HIG | Higgs | Rd | Objects in CYG | MNRAS 132, 67 -1966- |
HIZSS | HI Zoa (Zone of avoidance) Southern Survey | Rd | Galaxies in Southern ZOA | AJ 119, 2686 -2000- |
HKV | Hrivanak, Kwok and Volk | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 331, 832 -1988- |
HM | Havlen and Moffat | V | Open clusters | |
HM | Hoskins and Murdock | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 15, -1970- |
HMS | Humason, Mayall and Sandage | V | Galaxies and clusters | AJ 61, 97 -1956- |
HN | Harvard Nebula | V | Nebulae and Galaxies | Harv. Ann. 60, 147 -1908- and segg. |
HO | Holmberg | V | Galaxies | Lund Ann. Ser. 2, Vol. 6, n. 5 -1950- |
HOAG | Hoag | V | Quasars | PASP 88, 860 -1976- |
HOD.60-61 | Hodge | V | Dwarf Southern Galaxies | PASP 71, 28 -1959- and segg. |
HOD.72 | Hodge | V | Dark Nebulae in LMC | PASP 84, 365 -1972- |
HODG | Hodge | V | Globular clusters in LMC | ApJ 131, 351 -1960- |
HOFF | Hoffleit | V | Nebulae and OB Associations in CAR | Harv. Ann. 119, 37 -1953- |
Hogg | Hogg | V | Open clusters | Hand. Der Phys. LIII, 129 -1959- |
HOLM | Holmberg | V | Multiple Galaxies | Lund Ann. 6 -1937- |
HOW | Hodge and Wright | V | Star clusters in SMC | AJ 79, 858 -1974- |
HP | Haute Provence | V | Globular clusters | |
HPW | Hodge, Pyper and Webb | V | Dwarf Galaxies in FOR | AJ 70, 559 -1965- |
HQS | Hamburg Quasar Survey | V | Quasars | A&AS 111, 195 -1995- and segg. |
HR | Hu and Ridgway | V | Reddened Galaxies | AJ 107, 1303 -1994- |
HR | Hughes and Ruutledge | Rd | Galactic plane objects | AJ 74, 604 -1969- |
HRC | Hamburg RASS Catalogue | XV | Miscellaneous | A&AS 127, 145 -1998- |
HRG | Galaxies | |||
HS | Hambourg Survey | V | Extragalactics | A&AS 111, 195 -1995- and segg. |
HSE | Hodge and Sexton | V | Star clusters in LMC | AJ 71, 363 -1966- |
HSN | Hodge and Snow | V | Bright southern Galaxies | AJ 80, 9 -1975- |
HSS | Hamburg-SAO Survey | V | Emission Line Galaxies | A&AS 135, 511 -1999- |
HST | Hubble Space Telescope | V | Quasars | (A&A 307, L53 -1996-; ApJ 453, L5 -1995-) |
HSVMT | Heithausen, Stacy, de Vries, Mebold and Thaddeus | Rd | Molecular Clouds | A&A 268, 265 -1993- |
Hu | Humason | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 33, 175 -1921- and segg. |
HUB | Hubble | V | Diffuse Nebulae | ApJ 56, 162 -1922- |
HuBi | Hu and Bibo | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 234, 435 -1990- |
HuDo | Hu and Dong | V | Planetary Nebulae | Sci. Bull. Acad. Sin. 1992- |
HuLo | Hua and Louise | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 235, 403 -1990- |
HVC | High Velocity Cloud | Rd | High Velocity Molecular Clouds | C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 257, 1661 -1963- |
HZ | Humason and Zwicky | V | Stars and Blue objects | ApJ 105, 85 -1947- |
I ZW – VII ZW | Seven Zwicky lists | V | Compact galaxies | Zwicky, F. -1971, Catalogue of selected compact galaxies and of post-eruptive galaxies – Offsetdruck L. Speich Zuerich |
IC | Index Catalogue | V | Miscellaneous | Dreyer 1895-1908- RAS |
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IRAS | Infra Red Astronomical Satellite | IR | Miscellaneous | Beichman et al. 1985 -US Gov. Print. Off.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4; AAS CD-ROM Vol. 6 |
IRAS F | Infra Red Astronomical Satellite Faint source | IR | Extragalactics | IRAS FSC Cat. 1990; ADC CD-ROM Volls. 1-3-4 |
IRC | Infra Red C | IR | Miscellaneous | (Schmitz et al. 1987); ADC CD-ROM Vol. 3 |
Isk | Iskudarian | V | Open clusters | Astron. Miches. Cirk. 221, 6 -1961- |
ISS | Isserstedt | V | Miscellaneous | Ver. Astr. Inst. Ruhr 1, 1 -1968- and segg. |
IsWe | Ishida and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 178, 227 -1987- |
IW3 _0000_0000 | Field (CCD) _ x (pixels) _ y (pixels) | V | Quasars | ApJ 489, 543 -1997- |
J | Jonckheere | V | Planetary Nebulae | Observatory 39, 134 -1916- |
JaFu | Jacoby and Fullton | V | Planetary Nebulae | AJ -1997- |
JaSt | Jacoby and van de Steene | V | Planetary Nebulae | -1997 |
JF | Jones and Finlay | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. 27, 687 -1974- |
JL | Jaindee and Lynga | V | Quasars | Ark. Astron. 5, 345 -1969- |
Jn | Jones (Jonckheere ?) | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 109, 537 -1949- and segg. |
JnEr | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 89, 261 -1977- | |
JoDi | Jones and Dickel | V | Planetary Nebulae | BAAS 16, n. 4 -1984- |
JVAS | Jodrell Bank-VLA Astrometric Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | MNRAS 254, 655 -1992- |
JWST | James Webb Space Telescope | |||
K | V | Galaxies Groups | White 1980 | |
K 1, 2, 3, 4 | Kohoutek | V | Planetary Nebulae | Bull. Astron. Czech. 13, 120 -1962- and segg. |
KAR | Karachentseva | V | Isolated Dwarf Galaxies | Soob. Spec. Astrophys. Obs. 5, 10 -1973- and segg. |
KARA.68 | Karachentsev | V | Dwarf Galaxies | Publ. Byurakan Obs. 39, 61 -1968- |
KARA.72 | Karachentsev | V | Double Galaxies | Astrofizika 7, 3 -1972- |
KARA.73 | Karachentsev | V | Dwarf Galaxies | Astrofizika 5, 10 -1973- |
KARA.73B | Karachentsev | V | Isolated Galaxies | Astrofizika 8, 3 -1973- |
KAZ | Kazarjan | V | Extragalactics | Astrofizika 15, 5 -1979- and segg. |
KAZ (Kj) | Kazarjan | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astrofizika 2, 371 -1966- and segg. |
KC | Kron and Chiu | V | Quasars | PASP 93, 397 -1981- |
Ke | Kerber | V | Planetary Nebulae | Priv. Comm. 1996 |
KEEL | Keeler | V | Nebulae, Galaxies and Clusters | ApJ 11, 325 -1900- |
KEEN | Keenan | V | Galaxies | ApJ 83, 62 -1935- |
KES | Kesteven | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. 21, 369 -1968- |
KFL | Kinman, Feast and Lasker | V | Planetary Nebulae | AJ 95, 804 -1988- |
KHAV | Khavtassi | V | Dark Nebulae | Buyll. Abast. Astrofiz. Obs. 18, 29 -1955- |
KHW | Kap-Herr and Wendker | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&A 20, 313 -1972- |
KING | King | V | Open clusters | Harv. Obs. Bull. 919, 41 -1949- and segg. |
KjPn | Kazarjan and Parsamian | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astron. Tsirk. 602, 6 -1971- |
KK | Karachentseva and Karachentsev | V | Local dwarf galaxies | A&AS 127, 409 -1998- |
KK | Koo and Kron | UBV | Quasars | A&A 105, 107 -1982- |
KKC | Koo, Kron and Cudworth | UBV | Quasars | PASP 98, 285 -1986- |
KKR | Karachentseva, Karachentsev and Richter | V | Dwarf Galaxies | A&AS 135, 221 -1999- |
KKS | Kaftan-Kassim and Sulentic | Rd | Extragalactics near Stephan quintet | A&A 33, 343 -1974- |
KLEM | Klemola | V | Groups and Clusters of Southern Galaxies | AJ 74, 804 -1969- |
KLNS | Kuzmin, Levchenko, Noskova and Salomonovich | Rd | Miscellaneous | Sov. Astr. Vol. 4, n. 6 -1961- |
KLW | Kerber, Lercher and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A -1996- |
KN | Konigstuhl Nebel | V | Galactic Nebulae | Ver. Stern. Zu Heidelb. 6, 1 -1909- and segg. |
KO | Kazarjan and Oganesyan | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astron. Tsirk. 753, 3 -1973- |
Ko | Kohoutek | V | Galaxies | A&A 13, 493 -1971- |
KOM | Komesaroff | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. 19, 75 -1965- |
KoRe | Koester and Reimers | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 223, 326 -1989- |
KP | Kitt Peak | V | Quasars | ApJ 221, 468 -1978- |
KPD 1/2 | Kellerman, Pauliny-Toth and Davis | Rd | Miscellaneous | Astrophys. Lett. 2, 105 -1968- |
Kr | Krasnogorskaja | V | Planetary Nebulae | A.C. 230, 11 -1962- |
KUG | Kiso Ultraviolet Galaxies | UV | Galaxies | Ann. Tokyo Astr. Obs. 19, 595 -1984-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 2 |
KUV | Kiso Ultraviolet objects | UV | Stars and Quasars | Ann. Tokyo Astr. Obs. 20, 130 -1984- |
KW | Kerber and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | Ann. Isr. Phys. Soc. 11, 193 -1994- |
KW | Khachikian and Weedman | V | Seyfert Galaxies | ApJ 192, 581 -1974- |
Lac | Lacaille | V | Globular clusters | |
LAH | L.A. Higgs | Rd | Objects in CYG | MNRAS 132, 67 -1966- |
LASS | HEAO Large Area Sky Survey | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 56, 507 -1986- |
Lat | Latysev | V | Open clusters | |
LB | Luyten faint Blue stars | V | Stars and Quasars | The Observatory, Univ.Minn. Papers 1-50 -1962/1967- |
LBDS | Leiden Berkeley Deep Survey | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&AS 58, 1 -1984- |
LBN | Lynds Bright Nebula | V | Bright Nebulae | ApJS 7, 163 -1965-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
LBQS | Large Bright Quasars Survey | V | Quasars | AJ 109, 1498 -1995-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
LDN | Lynds Dark Nebula | V | Dark Nebulae | ApJS 7, 1 -1962-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 3 |
LH | Lucke and Hodge | V | Star Associations in LMC | AJ 75, 171 -1970- |
LH 115-120 | Line H-alfa | V | Stars and Nebulae in LMC and SMC | ApJS 2, 315 -1956- and segg. |
LHE | Long, Hasler and Elsmore | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 125, 313 -1963- |
LIN | Lindsay | V | Stars and Planetary Nebulae in SMC | AJ 66, 169 -1961- |
LMA | Lequeux, Meyssonnier and Azzopardi | Quasars | A&AS 67, 169 -1987- | |
LMH | Large, Mathewson and Haslam | Rd | Galactic plane objects | MNRAS 123, 113 -1961- |
Lo | Longmore | V | Galaxies and Planetary Nebulae | MNRAS 178, 251 -1977- |
Loden | Loden | V | Open clusters | Arkiv. Astron. 4, 65 -1966- |
LoTr | Longmore and Tritton | V | Planetary Nebulae | MNRAS 193, 521 -1980- |
LSA | Lundstrom, Stenholm and Acker | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 196, 233 -1988- |
LT | Lynds and Toomre | V | Ring Galaxies | ApJ 209, 382 -1976-; ApJ 211, 684 -1977-, PASP 89,113 -1977- |
LTNF | Liebert, Tweedy, Napiwotzki and Fulbright | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 441, 424 -1995- |
Lu | Lu | V | Peculiar Galaxies | AJ 76, 775 -1971- |
LuSt | Lundstrom and Stenholm | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 138, 311 -1984- |
LW | Lynga and Westerlund | V | Star clusters in LMC | MNRAS 127, 31 -1963- |
Lyn | Lynga | V | Open clusters | Lund Obs. 1981-83 |
M | Messier | V | Miscellaneous | Mem. Acad. Royale des Sciences de Paris, 435 -1771- |
M42 HH | Candidate HH Objects in M 42 | V | Candidate HH Objects | IAU Publ. 115, 341 -1987- |
M87 A-E | Candidate HH Objects | V | Candidate HH Objects | ApJ 111, L93 -1974- |
Ma | Maehara | V | Planetary Nebulae | Contr. Bosscha Obs. 71, 1 -1982- |
MA | Michigan sradio survey A | Rd | Miscellaneous | AJ 79, 903 -1974- |
MaC | Mac Connell | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJS 33, 219 -1978- and segg. |
MaCCo | Mac Connell and Coyne | V | Planetary Nebulae | Vatican Obs. Pubbl. Vol. 2, n. 5, 63 -1983- |
MAFFEI | Maffei | IR | Extragalactics | PASP 80, 618 -1968- |
MAI | Mailyan | V | Spheroidal Dwarf Galaxies | Astrofizika 9, 63 -1973- |
May | Mayer | V | Open clusters | |
MB | M. Beard | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. 19, 141 -1966- |
MBG | Montreal Blue Galaxies | V | Blue Galaxies | AJ 105, 35 -1993- and segg.; AAS CD-ROM Volls. 1-3 |
MBM | Magnani, Blitz and Mundy | Rd | Molecular Clouds | ApJ 295, 402 -1985- |
MC | Malin and Carter | V | Elliptical Galaxies | ApJ 274, 534 -1980- |
MC | Mc Gee | Rd | Objects in LMC | Austr. J. Phys. 25, 581 -1972- |
MC 1 | First Molonglo Reference Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 28 -1973- |
MC 2 | Second Molonglo Reference Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. Ap. Suppl. 33, 1 -1974- |
MC 3 | Third Molonglo Reference Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. Ap. Suppl. 33, 1 -1974- |
MC o MRC | Molonglo Reference Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 194, 693 -1981- |
MCG | Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies | V | Galaxies | Moscow State Univ. 1962 and segg. Parts I-V; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 3 |
MCT | Montreal-Cambridge-Tololo survey | V | Faint blue objects | AJ 119, 241 -2000- |
MD 1-6 | M. Drinkwater | V | Quasars | Thesis Univ. Cambridge -1987- |
Me | Merrill | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 53, 245 -1941- and segg. |
MEL | Melotte | V | Open clusters | MNRAS 86, 636 -1926- |
MeWe | Melmer and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | MNRAS 243, 236 -1990- |
MG | Manchester and Goss | Rd | Extragalactics | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 11 -1969- |
MG | MIT Green Bank | Rd | Extragalactics | ApJS 51, 67 -1983-, 61, 1 -1986- and segg. |
MG B/C | MIT Green Bank List B/C | Rd | Quasars | ApJ 494, 467 -1998- |
MGP | Manchado, Garcia-Lario and Pottasch | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 218, 267 -1989- |
MH | Mezger and Henderson | Rd | HII Regions | ApJ 147, n. 2 -1967- |
MIL | Milne | Rd | Non thermal Galactic Sources | Austr. J. Phys. 23, 425 -1970- |
MILN | Milne | Rd | Supernovae remnants | Austr. J. Phys. 24 -1971- |
MIN 46-48 | Minkowski | V | Emission Nebulae | PASP 58, 305 -1946- and segg. |
MKN (Mark) | Markarian | UV | Extragalactics | Astrofizika 3, 55 -1967- and segg. |
MKW | Morgan, Kayser and White | V | Poor Clusters of galaxies | ApJ 199, 545 -1975- |
MM | M. Moran | Rd | Galactic plane objects | MNRAS 129, 447 -1965- |
Mof | Moffat | V | Open clusters | A&AS 7, 355 -1972- and segg. |
MOHR | Mohr | V | Star clusters in SMC | Harv. Bull. 899, 15 -1935- |
MOL (MLO) | Molonglo | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. Suppl. 15, 1 -1970- and segg. |
MR | Moreau and Reboul | V | Quasars | A&AS 111, 169 -1995-; ApJ 263, 23 -1982- |
MRC | Molonglo Reference Catalogue | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 194, 693 -1981- and segg.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 2 |
Mrk | Markarian | V | Open clusters | Bjur. Soob. 9, 6 -1951- |
MRMG (LMRM) | Manchado, Riera, Mampaso and Garcia-Lario | V | Planetary Nebulae | Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrophys. 18, 182 -1989- |
MRSL | Marsalkova | V | HII Regions | Astrophys. And Space Sci. 27, 3 -1974- |
MS | Medium Survey | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 76, 813 -1991-, ADC CD-ROM Vol. 2 |
MSH | Mills, Slee and Hill | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. 11, 360 -1958- and segg. |
MUL | Muller | Rd | Objects in CYG, ORI and SGR | Pub. Univ. Bonn n. 52 -1959- |
Muz | Muzzio | V | Open clusters | AJ 84, 639 -1979- |
MW | M. Wilson | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 156, 7 -1972- and segg. |
MWC | Mount Wilson Catalogue | V | Galactic Objects | ApJ 78, 87 -1933- and segg. |
MWP | Motch, Werner and Pakull | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 268, 561 -1993- |
My | Mayall | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Bull. 920, 32 -1951- |
MY | Miyun | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 99, 545 -1993- |
MYC | Quasars | |||
MyCn | Mayall and Cannon | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Bull. 913, 7 -1940- |
Mz | Menzel | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Bull. 777 -1922- |
MZZ | Marano, Zamorano and Zitelli | V | Quasars | MNRAS 232, 111 -1988- |
N… (S…) | V | Galaxies Groups | White et al. 1996 | |
Na | Nassau | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 139, 864 -1964- |
NAB | Neta A. Bahcall | V | Quasars | ApJ 183, 777 -1973- |
Nap | Napiwotzki | V | Planetary Nebulae | Acta Astron. 43, 415 -1993- |
NB | N. Branson | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 135, 149 -1967- |
NEP | North Ecliptic Pole | Quasars | ApJS 93, 145 -1994- | |
NGC (RNGC) | New General Catalogue (Revised NGC) | V | Miscellaneous | Dreyer -1888, RAS; Sulentic and Tifft, 1973; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
Nk | Nakajima | IR | Objects in L 1641 | MNRAS 221, 483 -1986- |
NK | N. Kawajiri | Rd | Galactic plane objects | PASJ 22, 165 -1970- |
NOTNI | P. Notni | V | Blue objects | Astron. Nachr. 301, 51 -1980- and segg. |
NPM (NPM1G) | Lick Northern Proper Motion Program | V | Galaxies and Quasars | AJ 94, 501 -1987- |
NRAO | National Radio Astronomy Observatory | Rd | Miscellaneous | ApJS 13, 65 -1966- |
Ns | Nordstrom | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 21, 193 -1975- |
NS | Neckel and Staude | V | Bipolar and Cometary Nebulae | A&A 131, 200 -1984- |
NSER | Quasars | (ApJ 433, 494 -1994-) | ||
NVSS | NRAO VLA Sky Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 115, 1693 -1998- |
OA-OZ | Ohio Radio Sources from OA to OZ | Rd | Extragalactics | Nature 202, 269 -1964-, AJ 72, 536 -1967- and segg. |
OCL | Open Cluster | V | Star clusters | Akad. Kiado Budapest -1970- |
OHSC | Olszewski, Harris, Schommer and Canterna | V | Star clusters in LMC | |
OMHR | O. Moreau and H. Reboul | UV | Extragalactics | A&AS 111, 169 -1995- |
OP | Optical Polarization survey | V | Quasars | ApJ 404, 100 -1993- |
OTL | Ooty Telescope List | Rd | Miscellaneous | Astrophys. Lett. 9, 53 -1971-, Nat. Phys. Sci. 230, 185 -1981- and segg. |
Pa | Parthasarathy | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 414, L109 -1993- |
PaJy | Parthasarathy and Jyotsna | V | Planetary Nebulae | Priv. Comm. 1996 |
PAL | Palomar | V | Globular Clusters | |
Pars | Parsamyan | V | Nebular Objects | Izv. Akad. Nauk Armenian SSR 18, 146 -1965- |
PB | Peimbert and Batiz | V | Planetary Nebulae | Bol. Obs. Tonantz. 2, n. 19, 12 -1960- |
PB | Palomar-Berger | V | Extragalactics | A&AS 28, 123 -1977- and segg. |
PBOZ | Pottasch, Bignell, Olling and Zijlstra | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 205, 248 -1988- |
PBZ | Pottasch, Bignell and Zijlstra | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 177, 249 -1987- |
PC | Peimbert and Costero | V | Planetary Nebulae | Bol. Obs. Tonantz. 3, n. 21, 33 -1961- |
PC | Palomar CCD | V | Extragalactics | ApJ 306, 411 -1986- and segg. |
PD | Pike and Drake | Rd | Objects in CYG | ApJ 139, 545 -1964- |
PDCS | Palomar Distant Cluster Survey | V-I | Clusters of galaxies | AJ 111, 615 -1996- |
Palomar Deep Field | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 296, 839 -1998- | |
PDJ | Parthasarathy, Drilling and Jyotsna | V | Planetary Nebulae | -1996- |
PDS | Pico dos Dias Survey | V | Extragalactics | (Faisse S. PhD Thesis, Paris -1998- ApJS 119, 239 -1998) |
Pe | Perek | V | Planetary Nebulae | Bull. Astron. Czech. 11, 256 -1960- and segg. |
PG | Palomar Green | V | Miscellaneous | PASP 88, 665 -1976- and segg. |
PGC | Principal Galaxies Catalogue | V | Galaxies | A&AS 80, 299 -1989- and segg. |
PGH | Postman, Geller and Huchra | V | Galaxies in clusters | AJ 95, 267 -1988- |
PGK (Fegu) | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 95, 614 -1983- | |
PHG | Postman, Huchra and Geller | V | Galaxies in clusters | AJ 92, 1238 -1986- |
PhJa | Phelps and Janes | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 103, 491 -1991- |
PHL | Palomar Haro Luyten objects | V | Miscellaneous | Bol. Obs. Ton. Y Tacub. 3-22, 37 -1962-, ApJ 150, 707 -1967- |
PIS | Pismis | V | Open clusters | Bol. Ton. Y Tacub. 18, 37 -1959-, Vol. 5, n. 34, 219 -1970- and segg. |
PK | Perek and Kohoutek | V-R | Planetary Nebulae | Acad. Publ. House of the Czech. Acad. Sci., Prague 1967 and segg. |
PKS | Parkes Survey | Rd | Miscellaneous | Austr. J. Phys. 17, 340 -1964- and segg.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 2 |
PM | Preite-Martinez | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 76, 317 -1988- |
PMN | Parkes-MIT-NRAO | Rd | Miscellaneous | ApJS 90, 179 -1994- and segg.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4; AAS CD-ROM Volls. 2-4-6 |
PNG | Planetary Nebulae Galactic | V | Planetary Nebulae | Strasb.-ESO Catalogue -1992- and segg.; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
Po | Pottasch | V | Planetary Nebulae | Priv. Comm. 1996 |
POX | Palomar Optical X source | V | Emission line Objects | A&AS 44, 229 -1981- |
PP | Parsamyan and Petrosyan | V | Planetary Nebulae | Armenian S.S.R. Acad. Sci. LI, 1 -1979- |
PP | Petrosyan and Petrosyan | V | Nebular Objects | Soob. Byur. Obs. 58, 36 -1986- |
PP | Peckman and Palmer | Rd | Objects in TAU, CYG and CAS | Nat. Phys. Sci. 240, 76 -1972- |
PR | Pearson and Readhead | Rd | Extragalactics | ApJ 328, 114 -1988-, ApJS 98, 1 -1995- |
PRA | Prata | V | Non stellar Blue objects | PASP 78, 61 -1966- |
PRF | P.R. Foster | Rd | Miscellaneous | Ph.D. Diss. Univ. Cambridge 1961 |
PRMG | Pena, Ruiz, Maza and Gonzalez | V | Planetary Nebulae | Rev. Mex. Astron. Astrophys. 17, 25 -1989- |
PRTM | Pena, Ruiz, Torres-Peimbert and Maza | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 237, 454 -1990- |
PSS | Palomar Sky Survey II | V | Quasars | (AJ 110, 78 -1995-) |
Pt | Peterson | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 89, 129 -1977- |
Pu | Purgathofer | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 70, 589 -1978- and segg. |
PuWe | Purgathofer and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 87, L5 -1980- |
QL | Quigley and Large | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 134, 239 -1966- |
QRM | Quintana, Ramirez and Melnick | V | Galaxies in clusters | AJ 110, 463 -1995- |
QN, QS | V | Quasars | Ph. D. Thesys, Durham 1986 | |
R | Rose | V | Clusters of galaxies | A&AS 23, 109 -1976- and segg. |
R | Radio survey of the Cygnus X complex | Rd | Miscellaneous | J.E. Winzer, Thesis Univ. Of Toronto |
Raab | V | Open clusters | ||
RAFGL | Revised Air Force | IR | Miscellaneous | |
RASS | Rosat All Sky Survey | X | Miscellaneous | A&AS 106, 303 -1994- |
RB | Rood and Baum | V | Galaxies | AJ 72, 398 -1967- |
RBK | Radio survey of Becker and Kundu | Rd | Miscellaneous | Nat. Phys. Sci. 244, 138 -1973- |
RBSC | Rosat All Sky Survey Bright Source Catalogue | X | Miscellaneous | ApJS 129, 547 -2000- |
RC | Ratan Cold | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&AS 87, 1 -1991- |
RCW | Rodgers, Campbell and Whiteoak | V | Nebulae | MNRAS 121, 103 -1960- |
RD | Quasars | (ApJ Letters astro-ph/0002338 -2000-) | ||
RDCS | ROSAT Deep Cluster Survey | X | Clusters of galaxies | ApJ 492, L21 -1998- |
RDE | R.D. Eckers | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&A 22, 309 -1973- |
RDS | Rood and Sastry | V | Galaxies in A 2199 | AJ 77, 451 -1972- |
Re | Reynolds | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 288, 622 -1985- and segg. |
Re | Reipurth | V | Small Nebulae | A&AS 61, 319 -1985- |
REA | Reaves | V | Dwarf Galaxies in Virgo cluster | Ph. D. Dissert. Univ. Calif. Berkeley 1952 and segg. |
REIN | Reinmuth | V | Miscellaneous | Veroff. Stern. Heidelb. 7, 175 -1916- and segg. |
REIZ | Reiz | V | Galaxies | Ann. Obs. Lund 9 -1941- |
REX | Radio Emitting X-ray sources | Rd, X | Extragalactics | ApJ 513, 51 -1000- |
RGB | RASS Green Bank | X, Rd | Extragalactics | ApJS 118, 127 -1998- |
RIC | Richter | V | Blue objects around M 31 | Veroff. Stern. Sonn. 8, 75 -1974- |
RICH | Richter | Rd | Miscellaneous | Mitt. Aus dem Heinr.-Hertz Inst. 1964 |
RKK | R.C. Kraan-Korteweg | V | Galaxies in ZOA | A&AS 141, 123 -2000- |
RLWT | Rubin, Losee, Westpfahl and Tuve | V | Blue objects | AJ 76, 1099 -1972- and segg. |
RMB | Rubin, Moore and Bertiau | V | Blue objects in Virgo cluster | AJ 72, 59 -1967- |
RMHB | Raghavarao, Medd, Higgs and Broten | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 129, 159 -1965- |
RN | Ryle and Neville | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 125, 39 -1962- |
RNO (Cohen) | Red Nebulous Object | V | Small Nebulae | AJ 85, 29 -1980- |
RO | Richter and Olsen | V | Quasars | PASP 92, 573 -1980- |
Ros | Roslund | V | Open clusters | |
RPZM | Ratag, Pottasch, Zijlstra and Menzies | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 233, 181 -1990- |
RRS | Richter, Richter and Schnell | V | Blue objects | Mitt. Karl Schwarz. Obs. 38 -1968- |
RS | Rood and Sastry | V | Galaxies in clusters | |
RS | Richter and Sahakjan | V | Miscellaneous | Teil I, Mitt. Karl-Schwarz..-Obs. 24 -1965- and segg. |
RSCG | Redshift Survey of Compact Groups | V | Compact Groups of Galaxies | AJ 116, 1573 -1998- |
Rup | Ruprecht | V | Open clusters | Akad. Kiado Budapest -1981- |
RWH | R.W. Hunstead | Rd | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 157, 367 -1972- |
RWT | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 139, 230 -1984- | |
RX (RXS) | Rosat X ray sources | X | Miscellaneous | (Chin. Astron. Astrophys. 21, 146 -1997-; A&A 327, 467 -1997-; A&A 330, 25 -1998-) |
S | Survey of qso | UBV | Quasars | ApJS 76, 1 -1991- and segg. |
S (Sh) | Sharpless | V | HII Regions and Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 118, 362 -1953-, ApJS 4, 257 -1959-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 3 |
S1 | Strong source list 1 | Rd | Extragalactics | Astrophys. Lett. 2, 105 -1968- |
S2 | Strong source list 2 | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 77, 265 -1972- |
S3 | Strong source list 3 | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 77, 797 -1972- |
S4 | Strong source list 4 | Rd | Miscellaneous | AJ 83, 451 -1978- |
S5 | Strong source list 5 | Rd | Miscellaneous | AJ 86, 854 -1981- |
Sa | Sandqvist | V | Dark Nebulae | A&A 53, 179 -1976- |
SA | Shapley and Ames | V | Galaxies | Harv. Ann. 88, 43 -1932- |
Sa 1,2,3,4 | Sanduleak and Pesch | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 86, 215 -1974- and segg. |
SAAK | Saakyan | V | Blue objects | Astrofizika 1, 126 -1965- |
SaSt | Sanduleak and Stephenson | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 78, 183 -1972- |
SaWe | Saurer and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 69, 527 -1987- |
SAX | Small Astronomical X-ray satellite | X | Miscellaneous | (MNRAS 306, L55 -1999) |
SB | S. Beaulieu | V | Planetary Nebulae | Mount Strom. Obs. Thesis -1996- |
SBS | Second Byurakan Survey | V | Extragalactics | Astrofizika 13, 397 -1977- and segg. |
SC | Sculptor-Centaurus | V | Dwarf Galaxies in SCL-CEN | AJ 114, 1313 -1997- |
SC | Shapley and Campbell | V | Nebulae and Galaxies | Harv. Ann. 85, 113 -1924- |
SCH | Schanberg | V | Peculiar Galaxies and Blue objects | ApJS 26, 115 -1973- and segg. |
SCHO | Schoenberg | V | Dark Nebulae | Bayer. Akad. Wissen Vol. 5, n. 26, 5 -1964- |
Schu | Schuster | V | Open clusters | Priv. Comm. 1982 |
Sd | Sherwood | V | Planetary Nebulae | Observatory 89, 207 -1969- |
SDSS | Sloan Digital Sky Survey | UBVRI | Miscellaneous | http://www.astro.princeton.edu /BBOOK/ |
SEA | Sersic and Aguero | V | Chains of Galaxies in CEN | Astrophys. And Space Sci. 19, 387 -1972- |
SER (Se) | Sersic | V | Peculiar Galaxies and Clusters | Astrophys. And Space Sci. 28, 365 -1974- |
SEY | Seyfert | V | Faint Northern Galaxies | Harv. Ann. 105, 219 -1937- |
SG | Shaver and Goss | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 14, 77 -1970- |
SG 2-3 | Shain and Gaze | V | Diffuse Nebulae | Simeiz Crim. Astrophys. Obs. Contr. 7, 93 -1951- and segg. |
SG1 | Shain and Gaze | V | Bright Nebulae | Simeiz Crim. Astrophys. Obs. Contr. 6, 3 -1950- |
SGC | Southern Galaxies Catalogue | V | Southern Galaxies | Univ. Texas Monograph. 4 -1985 |
SGP | South Galactic Pole | V | Quasars | Ph. D. Thesis Durham 1986 |
SHAH | Shabhazian | V | Galaxies Groups | Astrofizika 9, 495 -1973 – e segg |
SHAP | Shapley | V | Southern Galaxies | Harv. Ann. 88, 107 -1935- |
SHB | Smith-Haenni Blue objects | V | Quasars | A&AS 27, 205 -1977- |
Sher | V | Open clusters | ||
SHRV | Sharov | V | Compact galaxies | Astr. Zh. 50, 1023 -1973- |
ShWi (SAWI) | Shaw and Wirth | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 97, 1071 -1985- |
Sim | Simeiz | V | Planetary Nebulae | Sov. Astron. Lett. 4, 1 -1978- |
SK | Sinclair and Kerr | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. 24, -1971 |
SkAc | Skiff and Acker | V | Planetary Nebulae | Priv. Comm. 1996 |
SKK | Shields, Koo and Kron | UBV | Quasars | PASP 101, 351 -1989- |
SKK | Sistla and Kaftan-Kassin | Rd | Objects in IC 2149 | MNRAS 166, 17P -1974- |
SL | Sandqvist and Lindroos | V | Dark Nebulae | A&a 53, 179 -1976- |
SL | Sarajedini and Lee | V | Star clusters in LMC | ApJ 450, 712 -1995- |
SL | Shapley and Lindsay | V | Star clusters in LMC | Irish Astr. J. 6, 74 -1963- |
SM 1-2 | Saakyan and Mnatsakanyan | V | Blue objects | Astrofizika 1, 125 -1965- and segg. |
SMC | Savage, Murdin and Clark | V | Planetary Nebulae | Observatory 102, 229 -1982- |
SMI | Smith | V | Southern Nebulae | Univ. Arizona Steward Obs. -1972- |
Sn | Shane | V | Planetary Nebulae | Mayall list of rad. vel. 1964 |
SNO | Snow | V | Groups and Clusters of galaxies | AJ 75, 237 -1970- |
Sp | Shapley | V | Planetary Nebulae | Harv. Bull. 902, 26 -1936- |
SP | Sanduleak and Pesch | UV | Blue objects | ApJ 258, L11 -1982- and segg. |
SPA | Shapley and Paraskevopoulos | V | Clusters of Southern Galaxies | Harv. Bull. 914, 1 -1940- |
SPC | Sersic, Pastoriza and Carranza | V | Southern Galaxies | Astrophys. Lett. 2, 45 -1968- |
SRWW | Scarrott, Rolph, Wolstencroft and Walker | V | Planetary Nebulae | MNRAS 245, 484 -1990- |
SS | Sadler and Sharp | V | Double Galaxies | A&A 133, 216 -1984- |
SS | Struve and Straka | V | Galactic Nebulae | PASP 74, 474 -1962- |
SSV | Strom, Strom and Vrba | IR | Infrared Objects | AJ 81, 308 -1976- |
St | Stephenson | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 90, 396 -1978- and segg. |
ST | Steppe H. | V | Quasars | (ApJ 263, 23 -1982-); A&AS 87, 389 -1991- |
ST | Strohmeier | V | Galactic Nebulae | Zs. F. Astrophys. 27, 49 -1950- |
Ste (Sm) | Stenholm | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 39, 307 -1975- |
Steph | Stephenson | V | Open clusters | PASP 71, 145 -1959- |
Stock | Stock | V | Open clusters | ApJ |
STOCK | Stockton | V | Extragalactic Blue Condensations | Ph. D. Diss. Univ. Arizona -1968- |
Str | Strigl | V | Planetary Nebulae | Priv. Comm. 1996 |
StWr | Stock and Wroblewski | V | Planetary Nebulae | Publ. Dep. Astron.Univ. Chili 2, 59 -1972- |
SuWt | Schuster and West | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 46, 139 -1976- and segg. |
SV | Sandage and Veron | V | Blue objects | ApJ 142, 412 -1965- |
SVEN | Svenonius | V | Extragalactics | Ann. Obs. Lund 6 -1937- |
SW | Shane and Wirtanen | V | Clusters of galaxies | Publ. Lick Obs. 22, 1 -1967- |
SwSt | Swings and Struve | V | Planetary Nebulae | Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 26, 454 -1940- |
SZ | V | Galaxies | ApJ 225, 768 -1978- | |
T | Tifft | V | Galaxies in Cancer cluster | ApJ 185, 115 -1973- |
T | Tritton | V | Quasars | MNRAS 216, 623 -1985- |
TaWe | Tamura and Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 298, 204 -1995- |
TB | Tautenburg (objective prism survey) | V | Extragalactics | AN 300, 31 -1979-; AN 300, 77 -1979- |
Tc | Thackeray | V | Planetary Nebulae | MNRAS 110, 524 -1950- |
TCSS | Turatto, Cappellaro, Sabbadin and Salvadori | V | Planetary Nebulae | AJ 99, 870 -1990- |
TD | Thomas and Day | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Austr. J. Phys. Astrophys. Suppl. 11, -1969- and segg. |
TDC | Thompson, Djorgovski and De Carvalho | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 103, 487 -1991- |
Te (Trz) | Terzan | V | Planetary Nebulae | The Mess. 42, 4 -1985- and segg. |
TeJu (TJ) | Terzan and Ju | V | Planetary Nebulae | The Mess. 20, 6 -1980- |
TeOu | Terzan and Ounnas | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 76, 205 -1988- |
TER | Terzan | V, IR | Globular clusters | A&A 12, 477 -1971- |
TEX (UT) | Texas Radio Sources | Rd | Extragalactics | AJ 78, 521 -1973-, AAS CD-ROM Vol. 6 |
Th | The | V | Planetary Nebulae | Contr. Bosscha Obs. 14 -1962- and segg. |
TK | Tweedy and Kwitter | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 433, L93 -1994- |
To | Tombaugh | V | Open clusters | PASP 53, 219 -1941- |
TOLOLO | Tololo | V | Quasars | ApJ 231, 653 -1979- |
Tololo (CTIO) | Tololo | V | Emission line Galaxies | ApJS 32, 217 -1976- |
TON | Tonantzintla | V | Miscellaneous | Bol. Obs. Ton. Y Tacub. Vol. 2-16, 3 -1957- and segg. |
TON-N | Tonantzintla North | V | Blue objects | Bol. Obs. Ton. Y Tacub. Vol. 2- 18, 3 -1959- |
TON-S | Tonantzintla South | UV | Blue objects | Bol. Obs. Ton. Y Tacub. Vol. 2-17, 15 -1958- |
Tr | Trumpler | V | Open clusters | Lick Obs. Bull. 14, 154 -1930- and segg. |
TrBr (TBJ) | Terzan and Bernard | V | Planetary Nebulae | Compt. Rend. Acad. Sci. 287, Ser. B, 235 -1978- |
TS | Theys and Spiegel | V | Ring Galaxies | ApJ 208, 650 -1976- |
UGC | Uppsala General Catalogue | V | Galaxies | Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Scient. Ser. V, Vol. 1 -Uppsala 1973-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 3 |
UGCA | selected non UGC galaxy | V | Galaxies | Uppsala Astron Obs. Vol. 5 -1974- |
UKS | United Kingdom Sources | V | Miscellaneous | MNRAS 183, 97 -1978- and segg. |
UM | University of Michigan | V | Extragalactics | ApJS 34, 95 -1977- and segg. |
UN | Uvx-Nvss (Ultraviolet excess -NRAO VLA Sky Survey) | Rd | Quasars | (ApJ 520, L87 -1999-) |
Upg | Upgren | V | Open clusters | PASP 77, 355 -1965- |
URA | Uranova | V | Stellar Rings | Ast. Tsirk. 772, 4 -1973- and segg. |
US | Usher | V | Blue objects | ApJS 46, 87 -1981- and segg. |
UT | Ungerechts and Thaddeus | Rd | Molecular Clouds | ApJS 63, 645 -1987- |
V | Vaucher | V | Quasars | Ph.D. Thesis Penns. State Univ. 1982 |
VB | Vidal and Bern | V | Stellar Rings | A&A 29, 277 -1973- |
VBe (VB) | van den Bergh | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJS 38, 119 -1978- and segg. |
VBRC (BRABCMS) | van den Bergh and Racine | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 179, 863 -1973- |
VCC | Virgo Cluster Catalogue | V | Galaxies in VIR | AJ 90, 1681 -1985- |
Vd | Vandervort | V | Planetary Nebulae | Contr. Bosscha Obs. 30 -1964- |
vdB | van den Bergh | V | Galaxies | ApJ 179, 863 -1973- |
VDB.66B | van den Bergh | V | Faint blue Objects | ApJ 144, 866 -1966- |
VDB.66G | van den Bergh | V | Dwarf Galaxies | AJ 71, 922 -1966- |
VDB.66N | van den Bergh | V | Reflection Nebulae | AJ 71, 990 -1966-; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
Ve | Velghe | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 126, 302 -1957- |
VERA | Vega and Rabolli | V | Planetary Nebulae | AJ 85, 1207 -1980- |
VHA | van den Bergh and Hagen | V | Southern Clusters | AJ 80, 11 -1975- |
VHE (vdBH) | van den Bergh and Herbst | V | Southern Stars and Nebulae | AJ 80, 208 -1975- |
VKDA | Vorontsov-Vel’Yaminov, Kostjakova, Dokuchaeva and Arkipova | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astron. Tsirk. N. 716, 7 -1972- and segg. |
VLA-NEP | Very Large Array – North Ecliptic Pole | Rd | Miscellaneous | ApJS 93, 145 -1994- |
VLG | Very Luminous Galaxy | V | Luminous Galaxies | AJ 115, 2250 -1998- |
VMT | van den Bergh, Marschner and Terzian | V | Galactic Supernova Remnants | ApJS 26, 19 -1973- |
VN | Vennik | V | Faint Galaxies | A&AS 87, 261 -1996- |
Vo | Volk | V | Planetary Nebulae | Priv. Comm. 1988 |
VRO | Vermilion River Observatory | Rd | Miscellaneous | AJ 70, 756 -1965- and segg. |
VSP | Van de Steene and Pottasch | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 299, 238 -1995- |
VV | Vorontsov-Vel’Yaminov | V | Interacting Galaxies | Moscow State Univ. Atlas -1959- |
V-V | Vorontsov-Vel’Yaminov | V | Planetary Nebulae | Astron. Zurn. 11, 40 -1934-, 38, 375 -1961- and segg. |
VV’ | Vorontsov-Vel’Yaminov | V | Planetary Nebulae | Mitt. Staadl. Astron. Sternb. Inst. Moscow 118, 3 -1962- |
VVI | Vorontsov-Vel’Yaminov and Ivanisevic | V | Seyfert Galaxies | Astron. Zh. 51, 300 -1974- |
Vy 1, 2 | Vyssotsky | V | Planetary Nebulae | PASP 54, 152 -1942- and segg. |
W | Westerhout | Rd | Galactic plane objects | Bull. Astron. Inst. Netherlands 14, 215 -1958- |
W (WEI) | Weistrop | V | Faint blue Objects | A&A 23, 215 -1973- |
W1, 2, 3, 4 | Westerbork source | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&AS 29, 103 -1977- and segg. |
WAS | Wasilewski | V | Extragalactics | ApJ 272, 68 -1983- |
Wat | Waterloo | V | Open clusters | |
WBL | White, Bliton and Ledlow | V | Clusters of galaxies | AJ 118, 2014 -2000- |
WDM (WEED) | Weedman | B | Blue objects near Galaxies | Astrophys. Lett. 9, 49 -1971- |
WE | Westerbork Syntesis Radio Telescope Source | Rd | Miscellaneous | A&A 23, 171 -1973- and segg. |
WeDe | Weinberger and Dengel | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 265, 249 -1983- |
WEE (WDM) | Weedman | V | Quasars | Astrophys. Lett. 9, 49 -1971-; ApJS 57, 523 -1985- |
Wei (We) | Weinberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 30, 343 -1977- and segg.; PASP 107, 58 -1995- |
WEIN | Weinberger | V, IR | Galaxies | A&AS 40, 123 -1980- |
WENSS (WN B) | Westerbork Northern Sky Survey | Rd | Extragalactics | A&AS 124, 259 -1997- |
WeSb (WeSa) | Weinberger and Sabbadin | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 100, 66 -1981- |
Westr | Westerlund and Smith | V | Open clusters | PASP 73, 51 -1961- |
WGA (1WGA) | White, Giommi and Angelini | X | Miscellaneous | IAUC 6100 -1994-; ROSAT WGA Catal-html 1995, |
WhBe | White and Becker | V | Planetary Nebulae | MNRAS 244, 12P -1990- |
WhMe | Whitelock and Menzies | V | Planetary Nebulae | MNRAS 223, 497 -1986- |
WIL | Wild | V | Galaxies in groups | PASP 65, 202 -1953- |
WK | Wolf and Kaiser | V | Nebulae and Galaxies in PER | Ver. Stern. Zu Heidelb. 6, 131 -1913- |
WK | Windram and Kenderdine | Rd | Regions around 3C sources | MNRAS 146, 265 -1969- |
WKB | Williams, Kenderdine and Baldwin | Rd | Miscellaneous | MRAS 70, 53 -1966- |
WKG | Weinberger, Kerber and Groebner | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A -1996- |
WKK | Woudt and Kraan-Korteweg | V | Galaxies in ZOA | in preparation |
WMMA | Willmer, Maia, Mendes and Alonso | V | Galaxies in clusters | AJ 118, 1131 -1999- |
WP | White Poor clusters | V | Galaxies Groups | ApJ 226, 591 -1978- |
WPVS | Wamsteker, Prieto, Vitores and Schuster | V | Emission line objects | A&AS 62, 255 -1985- |
WRA (Wray) | Wray | V | Emission line Southern Objects | Ph. D. Diss. Northwest. Univ. 1966 |
WS | Westerlund and Smith | V | Planetary Nebulae in LMC | MNRAS 127, 449 -1963- |
WSDH (WeDe) | Weinberger, Sabbadin, Dengel and Hartl | V | Planetary Nebulae | ApJ 265, 249 -1983- |
WSLS | Weinberger, Saurer, Lercher and Seeberger | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&A 282, 197 -1994- |
WSR | Wolstencroft, Scarrott and Read | V | Planetary Nebulae | Digit. Opt. Sky Surv., Kluwer 471 -1991- |
XRS | Second Catalogue of X-ray Sources | X | Miscellaneous | Astrophys. And Space Sci. 82, 3 -1982- |
XSF | (field name) | Quasars | MNRAS 243, -1990- | |
YBD | Yu, Bally and Devine | V | Protostellar objects | ApJ 485, L45 -1997- |
YC | Yale Columbia plate | V | Southern Peculiar Objects | AJ 76, 775 -1971- |
Y-C (CeGi) | Cesco et al. | V | Planetary Nebulae | A&AS 11, 335 -1973- and segg. |
YLW | V | Dark Nebulae | ||
YM | V | Symmetric Galactic Nebulae | ApJ 121, 604 -1955- and segg. | |
YW | Rd | Objects in Cyg-X Region | ApJ 143, 218 -1965- | |
ZC | Zwicky Clusters | V | Clusters of galaxies | Cal. Tech. Press. -1961- and segg. Volls. 1-6; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
ZCG | Zwicky Compact Galaxies | V | Galaxies | Offsetdruk L. Speich, Zurich -1971- |
ZH | Zwicky and Humason | V | Galaxies | ApJ 139, 269 -1964- |
ZHGV | Zabludoff, Huchra, Geller and Vogeley | V | Galaxies in clusters | AJ 106, 1273 -1993- |
ZL | Zwicky and Luyten | V | Faint blue Objects | Obs. Univ. Minn. 1967 |
ZOAG | Zone Of Avoidance Galaxy | V | Galaxies | A&AS 110, 269 -1995- and segg. |
ZoH | Zodet | V | Planetary Nebulae | The Mess. 38, 42 -1984- |
ZWG (CGCG) | Zwicky Galaxies | V | Galaxies | Cal. Tech. Press. -1961- and segg. Volls. 1-6; ADC CD-ROM Vol. 4 |
per facilitare la lettura
COLUMN “C” LEGEND: |
Rd = radio |
IR (or I) = infrared |
R = red |
V = visual |
B = blu |
UV (or U) = ultraviolet |
X = x-ray |
Gamma = gamma-ray |
Tale tabella, pubblicata per la prima volta nel 2010, non pretende in alcun modo di essere esaustiva e, comunque, potrà servire non solo per conoscere il significato esteso delle abbreviazioni più comuni, ma anche per risalire alle pubblicazioni originali che hanno dato origine agli acronimi stessi.
La redazione ringrazia sin d’ora tutti coloro che vorranno segnalare imperfezioni, manchevolezze ed esclusioni al fine di migliorare ed ampliare sempre di più le informazioni contenute in questo compendio, rivolto specificatamente agli astrofili “curiosi”.
La tabella in PDF è disponibile per il download QUI